Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU – University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany

(Fondi EU Nazionali - Biodiversa+) The project aims to form an international collaboration aimed at studying the biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with river riparian areas. Through the combination of remote-sensing and field data collection with coordinated approaches in the six study basins (Germany, Italy, Czech Rep., Sweden, Portugal), the results will contribute to the identification of riparian habitats with high conservation priority as hot- spot of diversity and key role as an ecological corridor. The project involves extensive dialogue with local and international stakeholders in order to guarantee the relevance of the results for the governance of conservation and management of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems aiming at the 2030 Biodiversity Strategy.

FEM activities:
The main FEM activities will be linked to sampling and metagenomic analyzes relating to the study of the microbiological component of soil, sediments and water. FEM will also play a key role in the analysis and statistical modeling of the entire ensemble of data collected in the field and remotely.

Context
Europe has committed to upscale ecosystems protection to include 30% of land and sea. However, due to historical overexploitation of natural assets the available area for biodiversity protection is severely limited. Riparian zones are natural ecotones between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, contributing disproportionately to regional biodiversity, and providing multiple ecosystem functions and services. Because of this and their branching geometry, riparian networks form a vast system of ‘blue-green arteries’ which physically and functionally connect multiple ecosystems over elevation gradients, despite covering a relatively small area of the basin. Hence, RIPARIANET argues that developing approaches able to optimise the spatial conservation of natural stream-riparian networks represent a flagship example of biodiversity protection in the EU. Although the integrity of riparian zones is fundamental for the achievement of multiple EU environmental objectives, the lack of a standardised framework of biodiversity assessment and protection across Member States has led to extensive impairment of riparian areas and frequent stakeholder conflicts.

Main objectives
The main objective of RIPARIANET is to leverage the increasing resolution of remote sensing information to provide practitioners with evidence-based guidance and approaches to biodiversity conservation. Key questions include: i) how can we remotely assess riparian integrity and identify areas which provide effective connectivity allowing species biodiversity and ecosystem functions to persist through meta-ecological processes? ii) how can we disentangle the influence of local- and network-scale stressors and processes on riparian biodiversity to better implement river basin management schemes? iii) to what extent do currently existing protected areas in rivers account for the geometry of riparian networks and their multifunctionality?

Main activities
We will address these questions in riparian networks within six river basins in Europe, including Boreal, Continental, Alpine, Temperate and Mediterranean systems. First, we will gather local needs and interests from key stakeholders together with satellite imagery and GIS environmental data for all basins. Then, riparian and river ecosystems functions will be modelled, and ecological hotspots will be identified through a GIS-based multi-criteria approach, including stakeholder inputs. Then, we will collect in situ data to assess multiple biodiversity and stressors at the local scale and, subsequently, scale-up this information to the network scale using geostatistical tools and advanced modelling. This knowledge will be conveyed to managers at local and EU scales in the form of decision-support tools allowing decision makers to identify protection gaps and ecological hotspots along riparian networks based on multiple biodiversity, functional and connectivity criteria.