(EUREGIO) With more than 4000 vascular plant species, the Alps are one of the hotspots of European biodiversity. Particularly the Alpine grasslands are extraordinarily species-rich and harbour much of the biodiversity of the Alps. Polyploidisation (multiplication of chromosome sets) has been an important mechanism contributing to diversification of Alpine plants, also in the graminoid genus Luzula (Juncaceae). Contrary to true polyploidy, which is widespread across the plant kingdom, the process named agmatoploidy, i.e. fission of holocentric chromosomes, is restricted to a small number of plant families and genera, including Luzula. Compared to the multitude of studies dedicated to polyploid evolution, only a few studies have tackled diversification mechanisms of agmatoploids and our goal is to fill this gap by studying evolution and diversification of eight Luzula species in the Eastern Alps.