(OSF Inc.) The project is a collaborative project between the Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc. [OSF], Canada and the foundation Edmund Mach. the project will have for objectives Project Objectives:

• Establish Protocols and processessprocesses leading to consistantconsistent regeneration of explants and/or plant tissues from single protoplast cells;
• Establish protocols and processes for reliable DNA-free transformation of single protoplstprotoplast cells by Gene Editing TechnolgiesTechnologies;
• Develop prototypes of fruit varieties (Apple, Cherry) with gene(s) of interest by following the protocols and processes established via objectives 1-2;
• Provide technical support for products developed via objective 3 leading to the commercialzation path for fruit varieties with novel traits.

(MIUR PRIN) Development of a transgene-free genome editing tool for clonally propagated fruit crop. We would like in this project (i) use and develop nanoparticles which transport across the plant cell membranes protein and DNA. (ii) Identify nanoparticles or nanobubbles that are highly efficient for plant cell internalization, and utilize these nanoparticles to deliver DNA, RNA, and Cas9-gRNA RNP to different plants tissue such as calli, somatic embryos, meristem or protoplast in a fruit tree species-independent manner.

FEM activity:
in vitro characterization of nanoparticule and nanobubble systems for the delivery of DNA and CRISPR/Cas9 machinery in apple